Element of the immune system the T helper cells
The human immune system is a basic component of our health. T helper cells make up an essential part of this system.
Functionality
T helper cells belong to the white blood cells, the leukocytes . They occur in human blood in three variants. The first group, type 1 helper cells, is responsible for the immune response.
Type 2 helper cells promote the activation of antibodies. The third type, whose functionality has not yet been clarified, is called type 17 T helper cells. Their discovery took place only at the beginning of the 21st century.
Functionality and structure of type 1 T helper cells
The first cell type was discovered in 1986 by the physicians Mosmann and Coffman. In order to consider the entire complex of the immune system in relation to the T helper cells, some demarcations are required. The human immune system consists of several areas.
These result in a network of stimuli, responses and other tasks. This is the “acquired immune system”. In addition to animals and plants, humans also have an evolutionary immune system. This consists, for example, of protective mechanisms such as the skin or cell envelopes. From adolescence, the type 1 T helper cells are mainly found in the spleen and in the lymph nodes.
The immune responses in the area of the innate immune system proceed within a short period of time. The course of the immune responses in the area of the innate immune system is determined in the human genome. Type 1 is responsible for a different immune response. They mediate these through cells . They arise under the influence of other substances through the division of progenitor cells. Macrophages produce IL-12 as another important type of immune-relevant cells . Interleukin-12 maintains the immune response and influences the course of infections within cells.
The finished TH1 cell initiates the immunological response to harmful bacteria. In this way, antigens reach the affected areas and counteract the inflammation and infections. Other interleukins control this process on the part of the T helper cells. T cells at the site of inflammation or injury control the healing process and other defenses.
Type 2 T helper cells and their procedures
The second category of T helper cells interacts with the B cells. These ensure the release of antibodies. Humans need antibodies at the sites where pathogens or injuries occur.
