Human blood is one of the most important indicators of allergies, diseases and disorders in the body. If a doctor takes blood from a patient, the blood sample then goes to the laboratory, where the blood values are determined. The patients then wait for the results, but hold the blood count and their blood values relatively helplessly in their hands.
The blood count is one of the most common examinations, because most do not understand the actual results. What is behind an elevated leukocyte count? What does the abbreviation MCH stand for? In the following we want to clarify the most important questions and provide a compact, complete blood values overview.
Based on a large and small blood count, you should then come a decisive step closer to the cause of the increased and decreased blood values.
Protein values, sugar and minerals are assigned to the textbook diagnostics of blood values. As soon as the body deviates from the norm, disturbances in the organic processes can be the reason.
blood values in the blood picture
| normal values | explanation of the values | values in women | values in men |
| erythrocytes | erythrocyte count | from 3.9 to 5.3 million/ µl | from 4.3 – 5.7 million/ µl |
| leukocytes | leukocyte count | from 3800 to 10500 µl | from 3800 to 10500 µl |
| granulocytes | |||
| stabkernige Neutrophile | 3 bis 5% | 3 bis 5% | |
| segmented neutrophils | 54 bis 62% | 54 bis 62% | |
| Eosinophile | 1 bis 4% | 1 bis 4% | |
| monocytes | 3 bis 8% | 3 bis 8% | |
| lymphocytes | 25 bis 45% | 25 bis 45% | |
| platelets | platelet count | from 140,000 to 345,000 µl | from 140,000 to 345,000 µl |
| Hkt | hematocrit | from 37 to 48% | from 40 to 52% |
| Hb | concentration of hemoglobin | 12 – 16 g/dl | 13,5 – 17 g/dl |
| MCH | amount of hemoglobin | from 28 to 34 pg | from 28 to 34 pg |
| MCHC | average hemoglobin concentration | from 33 – 35 g/dl | from 33 to 36 g/dl |
| MCV | average erythrocyte volume | from 85 – 95 fl | from 85 – 95 fl |
| g = grams | µl = microliter = 10-6 = 1 millionth of a liter | dl = deciliter (100 milliliters) values control Dr. H. Stephans, 04/28/2018 |
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| Myoglobin | Females: below 35 µg/litre Men: below 55 µg/litre |
Myoglobin is a protein found in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle. The striated muscles need these proteins. An increase in myoglobin can be a sign of the onset of a heart attack.
Myoglobin levels rise to a maximum 6-12 hours before infarction. The values only return to normal after a day. A deviation from the normal values can indicate diseases of the skeletal muscles, a heart attack or an increased protein release. |
| Troponin | Standard values: below 0.4 µg/litre |
Cardiac troponin is shortened with cT. We are dealing with a protein complex. The heart releases troponin from muscle cells into the blood when there is damage. The regulatory protein can be divided into three subunits: troponin I, troponin T and troponin C.
We find troponin in red skeletal muscle, white skeletal muscle, and the heart. If damage to the heart muscle is suspected, these laboratory values are determined. The measurement takes place via a blood sample and is also referred to as a troponin test. Normal values for troponin T are below 0.4 µg/liter and for highly sensitive troponin T hs below 14 nanograms/liter. |
| LDH | Females: 135 to 215 U/l
Men: 135 to 225 U/l |
LDH stands for lactate dehydrogenase, which is contained in every cell. When damaged, this enzyme enters the bloodstream.
High LHD levels in the blood could be the first indication of a heart attack. Its stability in the blood makes LHD an important parameter for cell damage. |
| GLDH | Women: less than 5.0 U/l
Men: less than 7.0 U/l |
GLDH refers to glutamate dehydrogenase, which plays a role in the breakdown of metabolic products. The activity of GLDH is 10-fold higher in the liver.
For example, GLDH is one of the parameters for liver diseases that are associated with an increase in values |
| THAT | Men: 4620 to 11500 U/l
Females 3930 to 11500 U/l |
A doctor can use the CHE values (cholinesterase) to assess the course of liver diseases. The enzyme is produced by the liver tissue and released into the blood.
Alarm signals send low CHE values. Inflammation in the intestines, heart attack, vitamin B 12 deficiency or poisoning can be present here. |
| Bilirubin | less than 1.1 mg/dl | Bilirubin is produced when red blood cells are broken down. It has a yellow to brownish color. The majority is excreted in the stool.
When a disorder occurs, the skin and eyes may turn yellow. It can increase if there is a backlog of bile, gallstones, tumors and inflammation. |
| Ammonia | Men: < 94 µg/deciliter
Females: < 82 µg/decilitre |
When protein is broken down, ammonia is produced as a metabolic product. In the liver it is converted to urea .
People who have liver disease take a blood test to determine their ammonia levels. Unusual changes indicate liver disease. |
| lactate | Resting value: 0.4 and 3.5 mmol/l | By lactate we mean a salt of lactic acid. The metabolite is an indicator of performance and covers the energy needs of the muscles.
We can measure the lactate concentration via the lactate value. As a rule, the doctors carry out step tests as the load on the subjects increases. |
| LDL | Less than 115 mg/dl | LDL cholesterol stands for low-density lipoprotein. It is responsible for the calcification of the blood vessels and the development of arteriosclerosis. Together with the HDL cholesterol, the fat-protein compounds form the total cholesterol value.
The levels of bad cholesterol should be kept low. Patients in a risk group should definitely keep their LDL levels below 100 mg/deciliter. |
| HDL | Men: below 40 mg/dl
Women: below 48 mg/dl |
HDL cholesterol stands for High Density Lipoprotein and is referred to as good cholesterol.
The values can be high. HDL takes the harmful cholesterol levels directly from the cells and passes them to the liver. There it is excreted in the bile. An increase in HDL values can be seen as positive. |
| osmolality | Men: 280-295 mosm/kg
Women: 295 mosm/kg |
Osmolality is what we mean by osmotically active substances. These include glucose, salts and proteins.
We can use the osmolality to determine the distribution of the water in the cell spaces. In other words, we are talking about an internal water balance. Low values can indicate cardiac insufficiency or cirrhosis of the liver and high values can indicate diabetes or kidney failure. |
| GOT | Men: 10 to 50 U/l
Females: 10 to 35 U/l |
GOT stands for glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. We find this enzyme in the cells of the cardiac and skeletal muscles as well as in the liver. After tissue damage, it is released into the blood.
An increase in the GOT values can indicate liver inflammation, liver damage or carcinoma of the liver. If the GOT values change, blood lipids, auto-antibodies and iron parameters should also be determined. |
| GPT | Men: 10 to 50 U/l
Females: 10 to 35 U/l |
GPT or glutamic pyruvic transaminase is made in the liver.
An increase in GPT levels can indicate liver damage. Especially if the liver enzymes, i.e. the GOT values, also increase in this context, there may be damage to the liver. |
| Gamma-GT | Women: up to 39 U/l
Men: up to 66 U/l |
GGT or Gamma-GT is an enzyme involved in amino acid metabolism. It mainly occurs in the liver.
The gamma-GT values are primarily used in liver diagnostics. Inflammation, liver damage, bile stasis or viral hepatitis can be a cause of the change in values. |
| Alkaline phosphatase | Men: 40 U/l to 129 U/lWomen: 35 U/l to 104 U/l |
These enzymes cleave phosphate groups from the molecules. A total of 15 different alkaline phosphates are found in the bile ducts, small intestine, placenta, kidneys, bones and liver.
The gamma-GT values are primarily used in liver diagnostics. Inflammation, liver damage, bile stasis or viral hepatitis can be a cause of the change in values. |
| Quick-Wert | Men and women: 70 to 120 |
By determining the Quick value, we can check whether the exogenous part of the coagulation system is functioning.
Values that are too low can indicate disorders in the liver or blood clotting. The Quick value can increase when certain blood coagulants are taken. |
| PTT values | 20 to 38 seconds | The measurement of the partial thromboplastin time checks the blood coagulation system in humans. A modified form is the aPTT. |
| PTZ value | 20 to 38 seconds | The plasma thrombin time is behind the PTZ value. The amount of fibrinogen in the plasma is determined.
The PTZ value can increase when certain medications are taken or after a serious accident. |
